Biosensors – Recent Advances and Future Challenges 

<br/><br/><br/>English[eng] 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>metabolite sensors||sensor biocompatibility||ion selective electrodes||foreign body reaction||O2||glucose||lactate||biosensors||bioelectrochemistry||photo-biosensors||enzyme||biocatalysis||electrochemical biosensors||real-time||continuous operation||reagentless||reusable||calibration-free||antibiofouling||biosensor||biomimetic membranes||membrane-bound enzymes||electrodes||sulfur-containing nanomaterials||metallic sulfide nanomaterials||sulfur-containing quantum dots||enzyme-based biosensors||direct electron transfer (DET)||redox enzymes||nanostructured electrodes||protein film voltammetry (PFV)||glucose biosensors||nanoporous metals||nanoporous gold||graphene||carbon nanotube||ordered mesoporous carbon||additive manufacturing||heme||peroxidases||semiconductors||peroxidase mimics||DNA assay||nucleic acid||isothermal||signal amplification||restriction endonuclease||wearable biosensors||metabolism||remote monitoring||sweat||microfluidic||3D printing||nanoparticle||nanocomposite||nanozyme||synthesis||catalytic properties||nano-peroxidase||nanooxidase||nanolaccase||electronanocatalyst||amperometric (bio)sensors||POC||microfluidics||immunosensor||cancer||biomarkers||electrochemical DNA sensor||nucleic acid sensor||DNA||RNA||pathogen sensing||2D-materials||field-effect transistor||transition metal dichalcogenides||black phosphorus||phosphorene||hexagonal boron nitride||transition metal oxides||current–potential curve||multi-enzymatic cascades||multianalyte detection||mass-transfer-controlled amperometric response||potentiometric coulometry||MXenes||2D nanomaterials||wearables||electrochemistry||bacteria||electrochemical ELISA||electrochemical immunoassays||electrochemical aptamer-based assays||chemical sensor||field effect||capacitive EIS sensor||pH sensor||enzyme biosensor||label-free detection||charged molecules||DNA biosensor||protein detection||forensics||biometrics||cybersecurity||fingerprints||blood||cipher||non-invasive biosensors||human physiological fluids||tears||saliva||urine||n/a